Electric Forklifts
Electric-powered forklifts are most commonly used indoors in warehouses. They produce zero emissions, virtually eliminate the hazard of carbon monoxide poisoning, and run more quietly than internal combustion forklifts.
However, they present other serious hazards that must be addressed. Electric forklifts are powered by large lead-acid batteries, which must be routinely charged. The hazards and recommended practices for charging and changing batteries are reviewed below.
Requirements and recommended practices include:
- Designate an area for the purpose of battery charging.
- Make sure that the forklift is charged before using.
- Recognize that heavy loads drain the battery more.
Battery Maintenance
Under normal operating conditions, power industrial truck forklift batteries can be expected to remain in service for 2,000 work shifts or charge/discharge cycles. Implementing a proper battery maintenance program can increase the life of the batteries and help protect employees. Battery failure could lead to mechanical breakdowns and possible accidents involving forklift operators and/or other personnel.
When working with batteries, be sure to do the following:
- Do not exceed the service hours in the manufacturer's recommendations.
- Do not over charge or under charge batteries.
- Avoid discharging batteries beyond the manufacturer's discharge level. This can result in permanent battery damage and shorten battery life considerably.
- Recycle or properly dispose of batteries. Spent batteries are a hazardous waste unless they are properly reclaimed at a lead smelter or battery recycler.
- Reduced Performance: The forklift may move more slowly than usual, especially under load or when lifting.
- Loss of Power: The forklift may struggle to climb slopes or perform tasks that it normally handles with ease.
- Shorter Operational Time: The forklift's battery may drain more quickly than usual, requiring more frequent recharging.
- Dashboard Indicators: Warning lights or indicators on the forklift's dashboard may illuminate, signaling that the battery is low or needs maintenance.
- Voltage Drop: The voltage of the battery may drop below the optimal level, which can be checked using a voltmeter.
- Battery Discharge Indicator (BDI): Many forklifts have a BDI that shows the battery's charge level. A low reading or warning light can indicate a low battery.
- Unexpected Shutdowns: The forklift may shut down during operation due to insufficient battery power.
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1-9. What is an advantage of using electric-powered forklifts?
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