722 Ergonomics Program Management

Engineering Controls

The preferred approach to prevent and control MSDs is to design the job including:

• the workstation layout
• selection and use of tools
• work methods to take account of the capabilities and limitations of the work force

A good match, meaning that the job demands pose no undue stress and strain to the person doing the job, helps ensure a safe work situation.

Engineering controls are preferred because they may completely eliminate the hazard. No hazard: No injury! They also do not rely on human behavior nor do they require continual oversight to work. Finally, engineering controls may save the company far more than the potential high cost of the initial investment. Engineering control strategies to reduce ergonomic risk factors include the following:

• Changing the way materials, parts, and products can be transported. For example, using mechanical assist devices to relieve heavy load lifting and carrying tasks or using handles or slotted hand holes in packages requiring manual handling.
• Changing the process or product to reduce worker exposures to risk factors. Examples include maintaining the fit of plastic molds to reduce the need for manual removal of flashing or using easy-connect electrical terminals to reduce manual forces. You can also modify containers and parts presentation, such as height-adjustable material bins.
• Changing workstation layout. Examples might include using height-adjustable workbenches or locating tools and materials within short reaching distances.
• Changing the way parts, tools, machinery and materials are to be manipulated. Examples include using fixtures (clamps, vise-grips, etc.) to hold work pieces to relieve the need for awkward hand and arm positions or suspending tools to reduce weight and allow easier access.
• Changing tool designs. For example, pistol handle grips for knives to reduce wrist bending postures required by straight-handle knives or squeeze-grip-actuated screwdrivers to replace finger-trigger-actuated screwdrivers.
• Changes in materials and fasteners. For example, lighter-weight packaging materials to reduce lifting loads.
• Changing assembly access and sequence. For example, removing physical and visual obstructions when assembling components to reduce awkward postures or static exertions.

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