Non-ionizing Radiation
Non-ionizing radiation is described as a series of energy waves composed of oscillating electrical and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light.
Non-ionizing radiation includes the spectrum of ultraviolet (UV), visible light, infrared (IR), microwave (MW), radio frequency (RF), and extremely low frequency (ELF). Lasers commonly operate in the UV, visible, and IR frequencies. Non-ionizing radiation is found in a wide range of occupational settings and can pose a considerable health risk to potentially exposed workers if not properly controlled.
Extremely Low Frequency Radiation (ELF)
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) radiation at 60 HZ (a frequency of 60 cycles per second) is produced by power lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment. Common sources of intense exposure include ELF induction furnaces and high-voltage power lines.
Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation
Microwave radiation (MW) is absorbed near the skin, while radiofrequency (RF) radiation may be absorbed throughout the body. At high enough intensities both will damage tissue through heating. Sources of RF and MW radiation include radio emitters and cell phones.
Infrared Radiation (IR)
The skin and eyes absorb infrared radiation (IR) as heat. Workers normally notice excessive exposure through heat sensation and pain. Sources of IR radiation include heat lamps and IR lasers.
Visible Light Radiation
The different visible frequencies of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum are "seen" by our eyes as different colors. Good lighting is conducive to increased production, and may help prevent incidents related to poor lighting conditions. Excessive visible radiation can damage the eyes and skin.
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) has a high photon energy range and is particularly hazardous because there are usually no immediate symptoms of excessive exposure. Sources of UV radiation in the laboratory include black lights and UV lasers.
LASER
LASER is an acronym which stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers typically emit optical (UV, visible light, IR) radiations and are primarily an eye and skin hazard. The use of lasers in laboratories is expanding rapidly, especially in research laboratories. Labs using lasers should develop a written laser safety program and appoint a Laser Safety Officer (LSO) who is responsible for managing risk and has authority to make sure lab workers comply with policies and standards.
For more information on laser hazards in the laboratory, see OSHA’s Technical Manual, Section III: Chapter 6, Laser Hazards.
The OSHA Safety and Health Topics webpage provides links to technical and regulatory information on the control of occupational hazards from non-ionizing radiation.
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
8-3. Labs using lasers should develop a written laser safety program and ______.
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