Ionizing Radiation
Ionizing radiation is energy in the form of waves or particles that has enough force to remove electrons from atoms. One source of radiation is the nuclei of unstable atoms. As these radioactive atoms seek to become more stable, their nuclei eject or emit alpha and beta particles and high-energy gamma rays and x-rays. This process is known as radioactive decay.
Some radioactive materials, such as radium, uranium, and thorium, have existed since the formation of the earth. The radioactive gas radon is one type of radioactive material produced as these naturally-occurring radioisotopes decay. Human activities, such as the splitting of atoms in a nuclear reactor, can also create radioactive materials.
OSHA regulation 1926.53 references 10 CFR Part 20, Nuclear Regulatory Commission Standards for Protection Against Radiation, for guidance on protecting against occupational radiation exposure.
Employers should take the following precautions when employees are exposed to ionizing radiation:
- If ionizing radiation sources are used (such as radioactive materials or X-rays), take precautions to protect against radiation exposure.
- Activities involving ionizing radiation sources should only be performed by competent persons specially trained in the proper and safe operation of such equipment.
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
2-7. Energy in the form of waves or particles that has enough force to remove electrons from atoms is called _____.
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