511 EM 385-1-1 Chapters 9-15

Sections

13-8. General Requirements.

Grinding and Abrasive Machinery

Equip all abrasive wheels and tools with safety guards and ensure compliance with ANSI B7.1 standards.
Use abrasive wheels only on machines with safety guards, except for specific exceptions like small-diameter wheels or internal grinding under certain conditions.
Regularly inspect abrasive wheels, conduct ring-tests before mounting, and destroy any that are cracked or damaged.

Power Saws and Woodworking Machinery

Operate and maintain machinery according to ANSI O1.1, ensuring all saws are equipped with appropriate guards and devices.
Ensure all blades are fully guarded, install automatic feeding devices when possible, and cover hazardous moving parts.
Mark operating speeds on circular saws, use automatic brakes for radial arm saws, and ensure proper table extensions for saw safety.

Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.

13-6. What should be accomplished prior to mounting abrasive wheels?

Wheel surface wetting

A ring-test

Lockout/tagout

Wheel label check

You forgot to answer the question!

EM 385-1-1 Paragraph 13-8 (g.–h.).

13-3. General Requirements (g.–h.).

g.  Grinding and Abrasive Machinery.  (13-8.g)

(1)  Equip all abrasive wheels and tools with safety guards and comply with other applicable requirements of ANSI B7.1.

(2)  With the exception of the following, use abrasive wheels only on machines provided with safety guards.

(a)  Portable abrasive wheels used for internal grinding if the wheel is entirely within the work being ground.

(b)  Portable abrasive wheels used for internal grinding when wheels 2 inches (5.1 cm) or less in diameter are securely mounted on the end of a steel mandrel.

(c)  Types 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19 cones and plugs and threaded hole pot balls, where the work offers protection or where the size does not exceed 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter by 5 inches (12.7 cm) long.

(d)  Type 1 wheels not larger than 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter and not more than one-half (½) inch (1.2 cm) thick, operated at peripheral speeds less than 1800 surface- feet per minute (ft/min) (9.1 surface-m/s) when mounted in mandrels driven by portable drills.

(e)  Type 1 reinforced wheels not more than 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter and one-quarter (¼) inch (0.6 cm) in thickness, operating at peripheral speeds not exceeding 9500 surface-feet/min (48.3 surface-m/s) if safety glasses and face shield protection are worn.

(3)  Adjust tongue guards on bench/stand grinders to within one-quarter (¼) inch
(0.6 cm) of the constantly decreasing diameter of the wheel at the upper opening.

(4)  Supply grinders with power sufficient to maintain the spindle speed at safe levels under all conditions of normal operation.

(5)  Do not adjust work or tool rests while the grinding wheel is in motion.

(6)  Position work or tool rests on power grinders within one-eighth (⅛) inch (0.3 cm) from the wheel.

(7)  Closely inspect abrasive wheels and ring-test them before mounting.  Destroy cracked or damaged grinding wheels.

(8)  Do not operate grinding wheels in excess of their rated safe speed.

(9)  Provide floor stand and bench-mounted abrasive wheels used for external grinding with safety guards (for example, protective hoods).

(a)  Maintain the maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides to not more than 90°, except when work requires contact with the wheel below the horizontal plane of the spindle, in which case, maintain the angular exposure to not more than 125°. In all situations, maintain the angular exposure to not more than 65° above the horizontal plane of the spindle.

(b)  Safety guards must be strong enough to withstand the effect of a bursting wheel.

h.  Power Saws and Woodworking Machinery.  (13-8.h)

(1)  Operate and maintain woodworking machinery according to ANSI O1.1.

(2) Guarding.

(a)  Ensure hand-fed circular saws are equipped with guards that automatically and completely enclose the cutting edges, splitters, and anti-kickback devices.

(b)  Ensure portable power-driven circular saws are equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe.

(b-1)  The upper and lower guards must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts and for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work, respectively.

(b-2)  When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard must automatically and instantly return to the covering position.

(d)  Fully enclose band saw blades except at the point of operation.

(3)  Install automatic feeding devices on machines whenever possible.  Cover or guard feed rolls and other moving parts on feeder attachments to protect the operator from hazardous points.

(4)  Permanently mark the operating speed on circular saws more than 20 inches (50.8 cm) in diameter or operating at over 10,000 peripheral feet/min (50.8 peripheral m/s).

(a)  Do not operate saws at a speed other than that marked on the blade.

(b)  When a marked saw is re-tensioned for a different speed, correct the marking to show the new speed.

(5)  Equip radial arm power saws with an automatic brake.

(6)  The table of radial arm or swing saws must extend beyond the leading edge of the saw blade.

(7)  Install radial arm power saws so the cutting head will return to the starting position when released by the operator.  Equip all swing cutoff and radial saws or
    similar machines drawn across a table with limit stops to prevent the leading edge of the tool from traveling beyond the edge of the table.

(8)  Each hand-fed crosscut table saw and each hand-fed circular ripsaw must have a spreader to prevent the material from squeezing the saw or being thrown back on the operator.

(9)  Warm-up band saws and other machinery requiring minimum ambient temperatures for safe operation prior to using them to perform their intended operation. Warm up machinery whenever the temperature is below 45°F (7°C).

(10) Use a push-stick, block, or other safe means on all operations close to high- speed cutting edges.

(11) Do not use cracked, bent, or otherwise defective parts such as saw blades, cutters, or knives.

(12) Provide a brush for the removal of sawdust, chips, and shavings on all woodworking machinery.

(13)  Do not leave power saws running unattended.