602 Heat and Cold Stress Safety

Protective Clothing

Protective clothing is the most important way to avoid cold stress. The type of fabric also makes a big difference. Cotton loses its insulation value when it becomes wet. Wool, silk and most synthetics, on the other hand, retain their insulation even when wet.

Workers should wear at least three layers of clothing. There should be an inner layer of wool, silk or synthetic to pull moisture away from the body. The middle layer should include a layer of wool or synthetic to provide insulation, even when wet. Then, an outer wind and rain protection layer is needed to allow some ventilation to prevent overheating.

Here are some other protective clothing recommendations:

• Wear a hat or hood. Up to 40% of body heat can be lost when the head is left exposed.
• Wear insulated boots or other footwear.
• Keep a change of dry clothing available in case work clothes become wet.

Employee Training

Training in recognition and treatment of cold stress is important. Supervisors, workers and co-workers should watch for signs of cold stress and allow workers to interrupt their work if they are extremely uncomfortable. Supervisors should also ensure work schedules allow appropriate rest periods and make sure liquids are available. They should use appropriate engineering controls, personal protective equipment and work practices to reduce the risk of cold stress.

All of these measures should be incorporated into the relevant health and safety plans.

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