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702 Effective Accident Investigation
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The Accident Investigation Program

An effective accident investigation program follows standard written procedures that are clearly stated and straightforward, allowing for easy step-by-step implementation.

Conducting Effective Investigations

Characteristics common in the most effective accident investigation programs include:

  • At least two competent persons should conduct the investigation. Working in pairs is often more effective for gathering and analyzing facts about the accident.
  • Accident investigators must be properly trained in investigative techniques and procedures.
  • The investigation report should be written, addressing both the immediate (surface) causes and deeper (root) causes of accidents.
  • Recommendations in the accident investigation report should aim to: (1) correct hazardous conditions and unsafe work practices, and (2) improve underlying Safety Management System (SMS) weaknesses.
  • The goal of the accident investigation is to determine the facts, not to assign blame. Disciplinary actions should be a separate matter, handled by management/human resources, and only considered if root causes remain unidentified.
  • Surface causes of accidents should be corrected promptly, with long-term systemic improvements implemented in a timely manner.
  • Accident reports should be evaluated annually by competent persons for consistency and quality.
  • Safety personnel should review and evaluate the investigation program each year.
  • Data on accident types, locations, and trends should be analyzed to enhance future investigations and prevent accidents.
  • Information about corrective actions and system improvements should be communicated to everyone. Training should be provided as necessary.

The Seven-Step Process

In the upcoming course modules, we will explore a proven seven-step process for effectively investigating accidents. The seven steps are:

  1. Secure the accident scene
  2. Document the accident scene
  3. Conduct interviews
  4. Develop the sequence of events
  5. Conduct surface and root cause analysis
  6. Determine the solutions
  7. Write the report

Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.

1-9. Which is an important characteristic of an effective accident investigation program?