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772 Introduction to Safe Patient Handling
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Hazardous Chemicals

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is classified as a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde can be used as a disinfectant or a sterilant. It is often found mixed in water and referred to as formalin. Formaldehyde can be used:

  • to prepare viral vaccines;
  • as an embalming agent;
  • as a tissue fixative; and
  • in the sterilization of medical equipment (e.g., surgical instruments, hemodialyzers).

Short-term exposure to formaldehyde can be fatal. Long-term exposure to low levels of formaldehyde may cause respiratory difficulty, eczema, and sensitization. More information

Glutaraldehyde

Glutaraldehyde is used as a cold sterilant to disinfect and clean heat-sensitive equipment such as dialysis instruments, surgical instruments, suction bottles, bronchoscopes, endoscopes, and ear, nose, and throat instruments. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a pungent odor. Hospital workers use it most often in a diluted form 1% to 50% mixed with water. More information

The following health effects have been reported in hospital workers exposed to glutaraldehyde:

  • Throat, nose, and lung irritation
  • Asthma, asthma-like symptoms, and breathing difficulty
  • Burning eyes and conjunctivitis
  • Rash-contact and/or allergic dermatitis
  • Hives, headaches, and nausea

Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.

3-2. Which of the following chemicals is classified as a human carcinogen?