Power Sources
The primary power source is normally one or more internal combustion engines. On larger, modern rigs, the engines providing power are frequently located at ground level, 100 or more feet from the derrick. This is to minimize the potential of fires caused by engines igniting gases that could escape from the well bore. On smaller rigs, the engines frequently are mounted immediately next to the derrick. The most common fuel used is diesel; but gasoline, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and purchased electricity are also used. Typically, several hundred horsepower (HP) will be generated and used on a drilling rig, although a larger rig may produce more than 3,000 HP.
Power Generation and Transmission
The transmission is mechanical or electric. A mechanical transmission, which is more common in older rigs, uses a "compound" of clutches, chains and sprockets, belts and pulleys, and a number of driving and driven shafts. An electric transmission is more common in newer equipment.
Most exposures to hazards associated with the power generation and transmission system occur during maintenance, fueling, and lubrication. Inadequate or nonexistent equipment guards and ineffectual (or the lack of) lockout procedures for maintenance operations during continuous drilling increase the risk of physical injury. Other hazards include high voltages, and chemical injury to the eyes during fueling, fire, and explosion. The noise levels in power generation areas may be high, with the risk of hearing loss.
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
4-3. On larger rigs, why are the engines providing power frequently located 100 or more feet from the derrick?
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