Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
What is the definition of a "process" in this type of analysis? A process can be defined as any series of actions or operations that convert raw material into a product.
PSM Process Hazard Analysis
The process can terminate in a finished product ready for consumption or in a product that is the raw material for subsequent processes.
A process hazard analysis is a detailed study of a process to identify every possible hazard to employees. Every element of the process must be studied. Each action of every piece of equipment, each substance present, and every move made by an employee must be assumed initially to pose a hazard to employees.
Process hazard analysis will include hazards associated with:
- Mechanical and chemical operations,
- Low and high temperature and pressure operations,
- Possible high levels of radiant energy,
- Direct contamination of employees, and
- Contamination of the air with toxic substances.
The best time for an employer to conduct a process hazard analysis is when the process is first being designed, before equipment is selected. This review, in turn, will assist you in choosing process equipment for its effective, efficient, and safe operation. Be sure to consider the equipment's capacity for confining the process within predetermined safe limits. The type, number, and location of detectors you select for monitoring the process should ensure not only productive operation, but also safe operation. Remember to take into account any substance or mixture of substances that could present fire or explosion hazards.
When you have selected your equipment, the information from the process hazard analysis will help you to develop an appropriate inspection and maintenance schedule.
Who should conduct the PHA?
OSHA believes that a team approach is the best approach for performing a process hazard analysis, because no one person will possess all of the necessary knowledge and experience. Additionally, when more than one person is performing the analysis, different disciplines, opinions, and perspectives will be represented, and additional knowledge and expertise will be contributed to the analysis. At least one member of the team should be an employee who has experience with and knowledge of the process being evaluated.
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4-7. When is the best time to conduct a process hazard analysis on a piece of equipment?
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