512 EM 385-1-1 Chapters 16-22

Sections

19-8. General Requirements.

Ventilation

Equip vessels with internal combustion engines with exhaust fans to ventilate engine spaces and bilges, except for those with diesel engines or naturally ventilated bilges.
Install at least two ventilators to remove flammable gases, ensuring they reach the bottom of the compartment and can be shut off in case of fire.
Ensure living spaces, including galleys, are adequately ventilated, and exhaust ducts on diesel-powered vessels are properly equipped and positioned.
For launches, motorboats, and skiffs having deck- mounted internal combustion engines and not equipped with fans, locate the exhaust piping away from personnel spaces to minimize CO infiltration in the workspace.

Access

Ensure safe, non-slip, and well-maintained access points on vessels, adhering to specific standards for ladders and avoiding hazardous types unless necessary.
Provide secure, stable, and guarded means for boarding or leaving vessels, with specific requirements for ramps, gangways, and access on floating pipelines.
Equip vessels with emergency access features, maintain safe and functional access routes, and limit loads to ensure access and passageways remain above waterline.

Marine Fall Protection Systems

Install appropriate railing systems or structures on decks or work surfaces above specified heights, ensuring toe boards are of adequate height and strength.
Use personal fall protection systems when railing systems are not installed, except in cases where these systems are not feasible due to operational requirements.

Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.

19-8. Why is exhaust piping located away from personnel spaces on launches, motorboats, and skiffs having deck-mounted internal combustion engines without fans?

To remove fuel vapor

To remove flammable or explosive gases

To ventilate by natural draft

To minimize CO infiltration

You forgot to answer the question!

EM 385-1-1 Paragraph 19-8 (g.–i.).

19-8. General Requirements. (g.–i.).

g.  Ventilation. (19-8.g)

(1)  Equip motor vessels or boats powered by internal combustion engines having electric spark ignition systems or having auxiliary engines of this type in cabins, compartments, or confined spaces with an exhaust fan(s) for ventilating engine space and bilges.

(2)  Provide at least two ventilators fitted to remove any flammable or explosive gases. The ventilators must have fans capable of ventilating each machinery space and fuel tank compartment, including bilges. Ventilators are not required for vessels constructed with the greater portions of the bilges open or exposed to the natural atmosphere at all times.

Note.  This requirement does not apply to diesel engines.

(3)  Adequately ventilate living spaces, including the galley, in a manner suitable to the purpose of the space.

(4)  For launches and motorboats having diesel power plants not equipped with fans, ventilate by natural draft through permanently open inlet and outlet ducts extending into the bilges.  Equip inlet and exhaust ducts with cowls or exhaust heads.

(5)  For launches, motorboats (for example, survey boats), and skiffs having deck- mounted internal combustion engines (for example, generators, jigger pumps) and not equipped with fans, locate the exhaust piping away from personnel spaces to minimize CO infiltration in the workspace.
    (6)  Vent and ventilator requirements.

(a)  Fans must be rated for Class I hazardous locations and located as remotely from potential explosive areas as practical (see chapter 11).

(b)  The vent intake must extend to within 1 foot (0.3 m) of the bottom of the compartment.

(c)  In case of fire, provide means for stopping fans in ventilation systems serving machinery components and for closing doorways, ventilators, chases, and annular spaces around tunnels and other openings from outside these spaces.

(7)  Do not start engines until the engine space and bilges have been ventilated to remove fuel vapor.

h.  Access.  (19-8.h)

(1)  General.

(a)  Secure, guard, and maintain means of access free of slip and trip hazards (see chapter 24).

(b)  Provide non-slip surfaces on working decks, stair treads, ship ladders, platforms, catwalks, and walkways, particularly on the weather side of deck doorways.

(c)  Do not use double rung or flat tread type Jacob's ladders unless no safer form of access is practical. When in use, they must hang without slack and be properly secured.

(d)  Vertical ladders must comply with ASTM F1166.

(e)  No more than one person at a time can climb a ladder between the same set of rails.

(2)  Access To/From Vessels.

(a)  Provide safe means for boarding or leaving a floating plant, to include guarding, to prevent persons from falling or slipping.  Avoid walking on rip-rap, where practical.

(b)  Wherever there is a break of 19 inches (48.3 cm) or more in elevation at personnel points of access, provide a stairway, ladder, ramp, gangway, personnel hoist, or other safe means of access.

(c)  Ramps for access of equipment and vehicles to or between vessels must be of adequate strength, be provided with sideboards, and be well maintained.

(d)  Gangways and ramps must be:

(d-1)  Secured at one end by at least one point on each side with lines or chains to prevent overturning.

(d-2)  Supported at the other end in such a manner to carry them and their normal load during use in the event they slide off their supports.

(d-3)  Placed at an angle no greater than that recommended by the manufacturer.

(d-4)  Provided with a standard guardrail.  Toe boards are optional depending on
            their usefulness and the hazard involved.  (See chapter 21)

(3)  Access on Vessels.

(a)  Provide vertical access between various decks by means of stairs, ramps, or vertical ladders installed according to ASTM F1166.

(b)  Do not pass fore and aft, over, or around deck loads unless there is a safe passage.

(c)  If cargo or materials are stored on deck of barges, scows, floats, etc., do not use the outboard edge as a passageway unless at least 2 feet (0.6 m) of clearance is maintained.

(d)  Limit vessel loads so that access and passageways in use will remain above the waterline. Except in an emergency, do not use decks and passageways for access if submerged or subject to constant breaking waves.

(4)  Emergency Access.

(a)  Equip vessels not easily boarded from the water with the following:

(a-1)  At least one portable or permanent ladder of sufficient length to allow a person to self-rescue by boarding the ladder from the water.

(a-2)  Other methods or means designed to assist in the rescue of an incapacitated person overboard.

(b)  Provide two means of escape for normal work, assembly, sleeping, and messing areas on floating plants.

(5)  Access on Floating Pipelines.

(a)  Equip floating pipelines used as accessways with a walkway and handrail on at least one side (see chapter 24).

(b)  Walkways must be at least 20 inches (50.8 cm) wide and anchored to the pipeline.

(d)  When walkways and handrails are not provided (that is, the pipeline is not intended for access), barricade the pipeline at both ends to prevent access by anyone.

i.  Marine Fall Protection Systems.  (19-8.i)

(1)  On decks or work surfaces 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above the main deck or adjacent vessel decks, docks, or other hard surfaces, provide Railing Type A or Type B according to paragraph 19-8.k., or bulwarks, coamings, or other structures meeting the height and strength requirements of these railing systems, except as excluded in paragraphs 19-8.i(3) and 19-8.i(4).

(2)  Provide deck edge toe boards at least 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) high for Type A and 2 inches (5.1 cm) high for Type B railings when the railings are used for fall protection. Toe boards must meet the strength requirements in chapter 21.  Install scuppers and/or drainage holes as needed if the top edge of the toe board is intact and the strength requirements are retained.

(3)  When railing systems are not installed, use personal fall protection systems according to chapter 21.

(4)  Railing systems and personal fall protection systems are not considered feasible on the main deck of vessels that perform duty cycle material loading and unloading operations from barges, scows, or other vessels alongside.

512 EM385-1-1 Chapters 16-22