513 EM 385-1-1 Chapters 23-29

Sections

Chapter 28: Steel Erection

This chapter outlines the guidelines and protocols for the erection of steel structures, focusing on ensuring stability, safety, and compliance throughout the construction process.

Multiple Steel erection equipment working on outdoor site

This chapter emphasizes the guidelines and safety protocols for the erection of steel structures, focusing on ensuring stability, safety, and compliance.

It defines key terms related to steel construction, such as anchored bridging, bolted diagonal bridging, bridging terminus points, and systems-engineered metal buildings, providing a clear framework for the standards and procedures to be followed.

The chapter emphasizes the importance of proper training and qualification for personnel involved in steel erection, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders including the controlling contractor, competent persons (CPs), qualified persons (QPs), and the project structural engineer of record.

The guidelines detail specific requirements for the erection process, including the inspection of work sites, preparation of steel erection plans, and adherence to safety measures to prevent accidents and ensure the integrity of the structure.

It covers the handling and placement of steel components, the use of appropriate bracing and anchoring methods to maintain structural stability, and the correct installation of metal decking.

Finally, it addresses the management of hazards and safety risks to protect workers and ensure a safe working environment.

28-1. References.

EM 385-1-1 Paragraph 28-1.

28-1. References.

28-2. Definitions.

EM 385-1-1 Paragraph 28-2.

28-2. Definitions.

a. Anchored Bridging.  Steel joist bridging that is connected to a bridging terminus point. (28-2.a)

b.  Bolted Diagonal Bridging.  Diagonal bridging that is bolted to a steel joist or joists.  (28-2.b)

c.  Bridging Clip. A device that is attached to the steel joist to allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist.  (28-2.c)

d.  Bridging Terminus Point. A structural element (for example, wall, beam, tandem joists with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane of the top chord) at an end or intermediate point of a line of bridging that provides an anchor point for the steel joist bridging.  (28-2.d)

e.  Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ). An area in which certain work (for example, initial installation and placement of metal decking) may take place without the use of guardrail systems, PFAS, fall restraint systems, or safety net systems and where access to the zone is controlled.  (28-2.e)

f.  Decking Hole. A gap or void more than 2 inches (5.1 cm) in its least dimension and less than 12 inches (30.5 cm) in its greatest dimension in a floor, roof or other walking or working surface.  Pre-engineered holes in cellular decking (for example, for wires, cables) are not included in this definition.  (28-2.f)

g.  Derrick Floor. An elevated floor of a building or structure that has been designated to receive hoisted pieces of steel prior to final placement.  (28-2.g)

h.  Erection Bridging. The bolted diagonal bridging that is required to be installed prior to releasing the hoisting cables from the steel joists.  (28-2.h)

i.  Girt (in systems-engineered metal buildings). A "Z" or "C" shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between primary framing and supporting wall material.  (28-2.i)

j.  Metal Decking. A commercially manufactured, structural grade, cold-rolled metal panel formed into a series of parallel ribs; this includes metal floor and roof decks, standing seam metal roofs, other metal roof systems, bar gratings, checker plate, expanded metal panels, and similar products.  (28-2.j)

k.  Multiple Lift Rigging (MLR). A rigging assembly manufactured by wire rope rigging suppliers that facilitates the attachment of up to five independent members of similar structural types spaced at a minimum of 7 feet (2.1 m) apart to the hoist rigging of a crane. (28-2.k)

l.  Permanent Floor. A structurally completed floor at any level or elevation, to include slab on grade. (28-2.l)

m.  Project Structural Engineer of Record. The RPE responsible for the design of structural steel framing and whose seal appears on the structural design drawings.
(28-2.m)

n.  Purlin (in systems-engineered metal buildings). A "Z" or "C" shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between primary framing and supporting roof material.  (28-2.n)

o.  Snug Tight. A condition that exists when all plies in a connection have been pulled into firm contact by the bolts in the joint and all of the bolts in the joint have been tightened sufficiently to prevent removal of the nuts without the use of a wrench.
(28-2.o)

p.  Steel Erection. The construction, alteration, or repair of steel buildings, bridges, and other structures, including the installation of metal decking and all planking used during the process of erection.  (28-2.p)

q.  Steel Joist. An open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or less, designed by the manufacturer, that is used for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists.  (28-2.q)

r.  Steel Joist Girder. An open web, primary load-carrying member, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses.  (28-2.r)

s.  Steel Truss. An open web member designed of structural steel components by the project structural engineer of record. A steel truss is considered equivalent to a solid web structural member.  (28-2.s)

t.  Structural Steel. A steel member, or a member made of a substitute material (for example, fiberglass, aluminum, composite members). These members include, but are not limited to, steel joists, joist girders, purlins, columns, beams, trusses, splices, seats, metal decking, girts, and all bridging cold-formed metal framing that is integrated with the structural steel framing of a building.  (28-2.t)

u.  Systems-Engineered Metal Building. A metal, field-assembled building system consisting of framing, roof, and exterior wall coverings. Typically, many of these components are cold-formed shapes. These individual parts are fabricated in one or more manufacturing facilities and shipped to the jobsite for assembly into the final structure. The engineering design of the system is normally the responsibility of the systems-engineered metal building manufacturer.  (28-2.u)