18.B.04 Brake systems.
- All vehicles, except trailers having a gross weight of 5,000 lb (2,270 kg) or less, must be equipped with service brakes and manually-operated parking brakes.
- Service and parking brakes must be adequate to control the movement of, to stop, and to hold the vehicle under all conditions of service.
- Service brakes on trailers and semi-trailers must be controlled from the driver's seat of the prime mover.
- Braking systems on every combination of vehicles must be so designed as to be in approximate synchronization on all wheels and develop the required braking effort on the rear-most wheels first. The design must also provide for application of the brakes by the driver of the prime mover from the cab. Exceptions to this are vehicles in tow by an approved tow bar hitch.
18.B.05 Fuel tanks must be located in a manner that will not allow spills or overflows to run onto engine, exhaust, or electrical equipment.
18.B.06 Exhaust or discharges from equipment must be so directed that they do not endanger persons or obstruct the view of the operator.
18.B.07 A safety tire rack, cage, or equivalent protection must be provided and used when inflating, mounting, or dismounting tires installed on split rims, or rims equipped with locking rings of similar devices. > See Section 18.G.22.
18.B.08 No guard, safety appliance, or device must be removed from machinery or equipment, or made ineffective, except for making immediate repairs, lubrications, or adjustments, and then only after the equipment has been de-energized and Hazardous Energy Control Program (lockout/tagout procedures) implemented. All guards and devices must be replaced immediately after completion of repairs and adjustments and before power is turned on. > See Section 12.
18.B.09 Seat belts and anchorages meeting the requirements of 49 CFR 571 must be installed and worn in all motor vehicles (installation and usage on buses is optional).
- Two-piece seat belts and anchorages for construction equipment must comply with applicable Federal specifications or Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J386.
- All construction equipment equipped with seat belts must have the seat belts worn by the operator, unless specified otherwise in the manufacturer's operating manual and justified in an AHA and accepted in writing by the GDA.
18.B.10 All high-lift PITs must be equipped with overhead guards that meet the structural requirements defined in ANSI/ASME B56.1.
18.B.11 Suitable protection against the elements, falling or flying objects, swinging loads, and similar hazards must be provided for operators of all machinery or equipment. Glass used in windshields or cabs must be safety glass.
18.B.12 Falling object protective structures (FOPS).
- All bulldozers, tractors, or similar equipment used in clearing operations must be provided with guards, canopies, or grills to protect the operator from falling and flying objects as appropriate to the nature of the clearing operations.
- FOPS for other construction, industrial, and grounds-keeping equipment will be furnished when the operator is exposed to falling object hazards.
- FOPS will be certified by the manufacturer or a licensed engineer as complying with the applicable recommended practices of SAE Standards J231 and J1043.
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18-3. What must all vehicles, except trailers having a gross weight of 5,000 lb (2,268 kg) or less, be equipped with?
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